Fuel-oil burner



March 24, 1925. t 1,530,891

S.R.HARDWHCK FUEL 0 IL BURNER Fild Sept. 2, 1922 I I v J Hardwick Patented Mar. 24, 1925. 1

. UNITED STATES STANLEY a. nannwrox, or CLEVELAND,

PATENT orrlce.

OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE NUFUEL BURNER COMPANY, OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA, A

CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

Application filed September To all whom it may concern: 7 'Be it known that I, STANLEY R. HARD- WICK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland. in the county of Guyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fuel- Oil Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to fuel-oil burners, and more particularly to fuel-oil burners for heating furnaces and similar apparatus. The main object of the invention is to provide a fuel-oil burner which is-economical in the use of fuel oil fed thereto by gravity 7 and operated by natural draught to produce combustion.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fuel-oil burner which is readily installed in an ordinary coal furnace, and is easily disassembled for the purpose of clean- A further object of the invention is to provide a fuel-oil burner of the above character having means for automaticall shutting off the'flow of fuel oil thereto w en the burner fails to operate.

With the above and other objects in view as will be readily understood, the invention will be hereafter fully described as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and the novel features thereof will be distinctly pointed out in the amended claims.

In'the drawings similar characters of reference are used to designate corresponding 'parts.

Figure 1. is a sectional view of an ordinary coal furnace with a burner constructed in accordance with my invention installed therein.

Fig. 2. is a sectional elevation of the burner.

Fig. 3. is an enlarged sectional view of the upper portion of the hollow frustro-conical member.

Fig. 4. is a plan view of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5. is a similar view to Fig. 4, the tubular casing having been removed.

Fig. 6. is a sectional elevation of the means for automatically closing the nozzle openin of the frustroeconical retort, and

Fig. is a plan view of Fig. 6.

Referring to the drawings, 1 represents an ordinary coal heating furnace having grate-bars 2 and the usual ash pit 3. The

2, 1922. Serial No. 585.995.

fuel-oil burner consists of a stand 4 of ring or tubular form for resting upon said gratebars and having an integrally formed horizontal top 5 positioned slightly below the upper edge of the stand. The top 5 of the stand is provided with a plurality of suitable openings 6, which-conform to and are adapted to register with the bottom open ends of tubular legs 7 of a dome and spider shaped air casing 8, which is supported upon said top of the stand. Said tubular legs extend upwardly and inwardly to establish, communication with a central chamber 9 of said casing. from which depends a funnel shape mouth 10, which is adapted to direct the air passing upwardly through said tubular legs downwardly upon and around a frustro-conical retort 11, through which the fuel oil passes. Leading into'the bottom of the frustro-conical retort 11 is a pipe 12 for conveying fuel oil from asupply tank to the central space 13 thereof. A tubular neck 14 having a lower closed end 15 provided with a plurality of inlet openings 16 is fixed into the upper end of the frustro-conical retort 11, and its upper end is proyided with a nozzle opening 17. Arranged above the nozzle opening 17 is a deflector cap 18, which is supported by the tubular neck 14 in any suitable manner, and is of larger diameter than same to provide an annular space at 19 for the escape of the fuel oil. The fuel oil is directed by saiddefiector cap 18 against the outer side of the frustro-conical retort 11 to be mixed with the air as it is directed downwardly thereagainst by the funnel mouth shape 10 of the casing 8. An annular trough 20 is formed integrally with and at the base of the frustro-conical retort 11 for receiving surplus oil and also for' deflecting theflame upwardly and out through the spaces between the tubular legs 7 of the casing 8.

In event that the flame should become extinguished, it is desirable that the flow of fuel oil from the trough 20 of the frustroconical retort 11, and a boss 25, at the bottom thereof and,to which the fuel-oil pipe 12 is fixed, is threading into a central opening of said saucer to make a tight jomt therewith. From an opening-26, near the outer edge of the sections 24 of the saucer 21, leads an overflow pipe 27, the lower end of which rests over a pan or bucket 28 arranged in a tubular guide 29. The bucket 28 is normally supported upon the inner projecting ends of three equal distant fingers of arms 30 supporting adjustable weights 31, which fingers are pivoted at 32 in slots of said tubular guide. A bar 33 extends from side to side of the bucket 28, and-adjustably fixed thereto by means of nuts 34 and 35, is an upwardly projecting rod 36 having a claw 37 at the free end thereof. The claw 37 is adapted to straddle a valve rod 38 having a head 39 at its lower end, which rod is mounted in a fitting 40 at the end of said fuel-oil pipe 12. Said rod extends upwardly through said fuel-oil pipe, and through a guide in the lower closed end of the neck 14, and fixed to its upper end is a valve 41, which is adapted to close the nozzle opening 17. A stuffing-box 42 prevents leakage at the valve rod 38,, and the friction thereof serves to hold it for keeping the valve normally from closing the nozzle opening 17. When the bucket 28 is filled sufiicient-ly so that its weight overcomes the weighted arms 30, the bucket will fall, thereby pulling downwardly upon the valve rod 38 and closing the nozzle opening 17 thus shutting off the flow of the fuel oil.

In practise, the burner is arranged centrally in anordinary coal furnace and the space between the stand 4 and the shell of the furnace is filled with brick indicated by 43, or in some other suitable manner, to cut off the entrance of cold air, and the fuel-oil supply tank is arranged above the nozzle openin 17 to properly feed the oil by gravity to t e burner. The valve 41 is adjusted to its open position by lifting the rod 38, and the rod 36 adjusted by means of the nuts 34 and 35, so that the claw 37 will be a suitable distance above the head 39 of the valve rod 38 to allow for the falling of the bucket 28 a proper distance before said valve closes the nozzle opening 17 As the fuel oil flows into the space 13 of the hollow frustro-conical retort 11, and through the nozzle opening 17 and then out by way of the annular space 19, upon the outerside of said retort, which is first heated by a flame in any suitable manner, said flame ignites the mixture produced by the air as it passes through the tubular legs 7 and is directed against the fuel oil flowing down the outerside of said frustro-conical retort, and the flame of said I burning mixture passes outwardly through the space between said tubular legs, Thus the frustro con ical retortil is heated to heat the fuel oil therein, and also the tubular le 's 7 to heat the air passing thereto. Shou d the flame become extinguished, the fuel oil will flow into the annular trou h 20 and the overflow into the saucer 21, t on into the bucket 28. When said bucket becomes sufliciently filled so that its weight overcomes the action of the supporting weights 31, the bucket will fall and this will cause the downward movement of the rod 38, which will close the nozzle opening 17 and shut oif the flow of the fuel oil to the burner.

Although the fuel-oil burner illustrated and descrlbed is well adapted to accomplish the intended purpose, it is to be understood, that slight changes in the details of construction may be made within the scope of the claims.

Having fully what I claim is:

1. In a fuel-oil burner, the combination of a frustro-coni'cal retort, the retort being hollow, themember having a nozzle at its upper end, means for supplying liquid fuel to the retort, means arranged above the nozzle for directing the flow of liquid fuel downwardly upon the outer surface of said retort, a casing, the casing consisting of tubular legs and having a funnel shape mouth, the legs establishing communication with the funnel shape mouth for directing air passing upwardlv through its legs and out of its mouth against theouter surface of said retort for .m1x1n on, su stantially as described.

2. In a fuel-oil burner, the combination of a frustro-conical retort, the retort being hollow, the retort having a nozzle at its upper end, a fuel-oil supply pipe leading into the bottom of said retort, means arranged above the nozzle for directing the flow of liquid fuel downwardly upon the outerside of said retort, means for directing air against the .described my invention,

with the liquid fuel flowing thereupouterside of said member for mixing with the liquid fuel flowing thereupon, a rod passmg loosely throu h said pipe and through said nozzle, a va ve fixed to said rod and adapted to close said nozzle, and means op erated bythe surplus fuel oil flowing from the outerside of the retort for actuating said rod to close the nozzle, substantially as described.

3. In a fuel-oil burner, the combination of a frustro-conical retort, the retort having a nozzle at its upper end, a fuel-oil supply p1pe leading into the bottom of said retort, means for directing the liquid fuel downward] as it flows from the nozzle upon the outers'tle of said retort, means for directing air against the outerside of said retort for mixin with the liquid fuel flowing thereupon, a ro passing loosely throu h said pipe and through said nozzle, a v ve fixed to said rod and bucket adapted to close said nozzle, a saucer for receiving the surplus fuel oil flowing from the outerslde of said retort,abucket for receiving the fuel oil from the saucer, the bucket being normally supported by weighted means, and the bucket being adapted to actuate said rod to close the nozzle when the bucket has become filled with a predetermined quantity of fuel oil, substantially as described.

- 4. In a fuel-oil burner, the combination of a frustro-conical retort, the retort being hollow, the retort having a nozzle at its upper end, means for supplyin liquid fuel to the retort, means arranged a ove the nozzle for directing the flow of liquid fuel downwardly upon said retort, a casing, the casing con- 'sisting of tubular legs and having a mouth, the legs establishing communication with the mouth, the casing being arranged over said retort for directing air passing upwardly through its legs and out of its mouth a ainst the retort for mixing with the liquld fuel flowing thereupon, a saucer for receiving the surplus fuel oil flowing from the outerslde of said retort, the saucer having cutout spaces for straddling said tubular legs, means adapted to close said nozzle, 2. for receiving the fuel oil from the saucer, the bucket being normally supported by Wei hted means, and the bucket being adapte to actuate said means for closin the nozzle when the bucket has become fille with a predetermined quantity of fuel oil, substantially as described.

5. In a fuel-oil burner, the combination of a retort, the retort havin a nozzle at its upper end, means for supp ying liquid fuel to the retort, means for directing the liquid fuel downwardly as it flows from said nozzle, a trough for receiving the surplus fuel oil flowing upon the outside of said retort, a casin the casing consisting of tubular legs an having a mouth, the legs establishing communication with the mouth, the casing being arranged over said retort for directing air passing upwardly through its legs and out of its mouth against the retort for mixing with the liquid fuel flowing thereupon, a stand, the stand having a top, said casing being supported by the top, and the top being provided with openings out side of said trough for admitting air to said tubular legs, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

STANLEY R. HARDWICK. 

